Like I said, Softbank and DoCoMo phones, being GSM, can potentially work over here if they are in fact unlocked. But as far as getting them on the 4 major carriers, Verizon and Sprint are out as they are CDMA. T-Mobile you'll be restricted to 2G speeds because they use a different frequency for 3G than the rest of the world. AT&T is the only big carrier that you will be able to use the phone at it's full potential.
There might be some smaller/regional carriers that will work. You just need to make sure that they're a GSM carrier that uses the same frequencies as AT&T.
Just remembered, you probably won't be able to send email or SMS's from the phone. In Japan, no one uses the SMS system. In fact, you can only SMS to people on the same carrier and it's FREE... because no one uses it. On phones in Japan, you create an email address when you purchase a new phone (that's changeable) and you email other people. They're usually
**@au.ne.jp, or
**@docomo.jp, something like that. I don't think the phone can accept an email address that isn't like that, and because of the SMS issue in Japan, I don't think you can program it to SMS. Furthermore, since you aren't on the Japanese network, you won't be able to install the little apps they have for the phones, so you'll be stuck with a flashy phone that can only call and surf the net.